考虑多种损坏构成特征的沥青路面预防性养护决策方法

由于沥青路面损坏构成的多样性, 相同的路面状况指数(pavement condition index, PCI)可能代表不同的损坏组合. 当多种损坏并存且损坏程度接近时, 用PCI和主导损坏(最严重、扣分最多的路面损坏)难以得到具有针对性的养护对策. 因此, 通过对PCI的深入分析, 明确了主导损坏代表性不足的路段, 以现行预防性养护决策方法为基础, 补充了一种考虑损坏构成特征、更具针对性的决策方法. 以上海城市道路近5年的检测、养护数据为分析基础, 首先利用有序聚类算法将路段按PCI水平分组, 分析了不同阶段路面损坏构成和差异水平; 然后, 针对多种损坏并存且损坏差异不显著的路段, 根据预防性养护的实施效果筛选了能够反映正确预防性养护经验的有效养护路段; 最后, 基于有效养护路段建立并对比分析了2个基于BP(back propagation)神经网络的养护决策模型. 结果表明: 当PCI水平介于优良(84.4~93.0分)时, 不同损坏程度接近, 主导损坏代表性不足; 考虑多种损坏构成特征的BP神经网络模型表现出更高的决策精度, 测试集决策正确率达86.20%, 优于仅考虑主导损坏的模型(58.50%). BP神经网络与传统决策树法结合能够优化沥青路面决策过程, 提高养护对策选取的针对性.     

SAm级防撞活动护栏碰撞仿真分析

针对目前高速公路中央分隔带开口处活动护栏防撞等级较低的问题,提出了一种SAm级混凝土活动护栏及一种新型连接装置。基于有限元的方法,建立车辆与护栏的碰撞模型,通过LS-DYNA对车辆与护栏碰撞过程进行求解,根据不同车型的碰撞结果分别在缓冲,阻挡和导向性能上对护栏的安全性能进行评价,其中小型车辆与护栏碰撞后的OIV(Occupant Impact Velocity)值<12 m/s,ORA(Occupant Ridedown Acceleration)值<20 g且车辆没有驶出导向框;大型车辆与护栏碰撞后没有发生穿越、骑跨等现象且车辆没有驶出导向框,均满足护栏安全性能评价标准。     

腐蚀对风车联合作用下斜拉桥拉索 疲劳可靠性的影响分析

为探讨腐蚀对随机交通和风载联合作用下斜拉索疲劳可靠性的影响规律和机理,通过拉索高强钢丝的加速腐蚀和疲劳试验,提出了考虑腐蚀的斜拉索疲劳抗力模型;基于线性累积损伤准则,建立了考虑腐蚀影响的风车联合作用下拉索疲劳可靠性的分析方法和流程;依托工程实例,分析了腐蚀等级和时变腐蚀对拉索疲劳可靠性的影响.结果表明:随腐蚀加剧拉索动态疲劳可靠指标下降速率增大;等级达到Ⅲ级及以上的腐蚀对拉索疲劳可靠寿命影响显著,尤其对于靠近桥塔及辅助墩处拉索;Ⅳ级和Ⅴ级腐蚀时拉索疲劳寿命相对无腐蚀状况降幅最大分别达24%和44%;相对完好状况,时变腐蚀影响下拉索的动态疲劳可靠指标下降更为迅速,且降幅明显大于仅考虑腐蚀分级的状况.     

Post李超代数结构的性质

通过post李超代数的定义, 讨论post李超代数结构的基本性质, 给出post李超代数的一些存在性结果, 并利用post李超代数可构造LR超代数和左对称超代数, 给出交换post李超代数结构的相关结果.     

Study on the Centralization Strategy of the Blood Allocation Among Different Departments within a Hospital

By far, the researches on how to distribute blood products among different departments in hospital have not been further studied, though the problem of blood shortage and wastage that caused by improper blood allocation is severe, which may endanger patient’s lives and impose considerable costs on hospitals. In order to solve this problem, this paper mainly studies on how to distribute the blood items among different departments within a hospital and investigates the allocation approach with the novel management method by centralizing the inventory of several different departments. By integrating the blood inventory requirements of some departments, the hospital could reduce the rate of blood shortage and wastage effectively, release the pressure of the occupancy of resources and reduce the bullwhip effect of blood products. This paper illustrates the centralization principle in hospital and formulates the mixed integer programming model to work out the optimal allocation network scheme and the optimal inventory setting for every department. And the results of the numerical example demonstrate that this centralization method could considerably reduce blood shortage and wastage in hospital by about 72% and 90% respectively. Furthermore, it could decrease the total cost by about 108,540 RMB a month on blood supply chain management in the hospital and improve the effect of some certain surgeries by transfusing the fresh blood to patients.     

De Casteljau Algorithm and Degree Elevation of Toric Surface Patches

De Casteljau algorithm and degree elevation of Bézier and NURBS curves/surfaces are two important techniques in computer aided geometric design. This paper presents the de Casteljau algorithm and degree elevation of toric surface patches, which include tensor product and triangular rational Bézier surfaces as special cases. Some representative examples of toric surface patches with common shapes are illustrated to verify these two algorithms. Moreover, the authors also apply the degree elevation of toric surface patches to isogeometric analysis. And two more examples show the effectiveness of proposed method.     

Notch Effect and Frequency Compensation of Dual-Sensor OBC Data in Shallow Water

Reverberation is significant in shallow water and produces obvious notches in OBC spec-tra. It also degrades the quality of sections and increases the difficulty of processing and interpretation. This ...     

NIPA类共聚温敏水凝胶中水的状态和耐热性

用N-异丙基丙烯酰胺（NIPA）与丙烯酸钠（SA）及甲基丙烯酸钠（SMA）共聚合成了两个系列的水凝胶，研究了共聚组成与水凝胶基本性质的关系，并用示差扫描量热法（DSC）和热失重法（TG）研究了此类水凝胶中水的状态和耐热性。     

多波长数据线性回归光度法同时测定钙和镁

本文研究了酸性铬蓝K体系用于同时测定钙和慎的显色条件，借助多波长线性回归法处理数据，提出光度测定钙和镁的简便方法，免去了分离手续。应用于三个水样中钙、镁含量的测定，结果满意。     

Al_(63)Cu_(25)Fe_(12)准晶体的相变及应用研究

从应用角度出发,系统地研究了Al_(63)Cu_(25)Fe_(12)合金的相变及性能特点,并初步研究了准晶体对传统铝合金表面改性的贡献。结果表明:该合金在450℃～820℃温度区间内晶体相Al_7Cu_2Fe发生同素异构转变形成稳定I相,具有较高的硬度和硬度值变化不大(650～850kgf/mm~2)的特点,可与传统铝合金复合并使其硬度和耐磨性能显著提高。